Stroke, or brain attack, is the third leading cause of death in the United States. The devastating affects of stroke often can be prevented if you quickly react to the body’s warning signs. In most cases, receiving medical treatment by calling 9-1-1 within the first 3 hours of symptoms may significantly reduce disability or damage to your body and brain that stroke can cause. Unfortunately, only about 5 percent of stroke patients arrive at the hospital in time to reverse that damage. Here are some guidelines to help you prevent a major stroke from occurring or to recognize the symptoms if you are having a stroke
Are You at Risk?
Stroke can affect anyone. If you are 55 years or older, black or have a family history of stroke, you are at greater risk. You can’t change your age, your race or your family history so there’s really nothing you can do to reduce your stroke risk related to these factors. However, there are several things you can do to manage and reduce your other risk factors:
- High blood pressure (hypertension): If the top number of your blood pressure reading is regularly more than 135 or if the lower number is regularly more than 85, consult your healthcare provider. This is considered pre-hypertension and if untreated, can quickly lead to hypertension which is the leading cause of stroke. Hypertension is called the “silent killer” as there rarely are symptoms.
- Atrial fibrillation (AF): AF is an irregular heartbeat. By checking your pulse , your healthcare provider can determine if you have an irregular heartbeat and offer appropriate treatment. AF causes blood to collect in the chambers of your heart, which can lead to blood clots. A blood clot into your cartoid arteries which feed the brain can cause a stroke.
- Smoking: Smoking can double your stroke risk. Nicotine causes blood vessles to constrict, which makes them narrower and increases your stroke risk. The good news is that quitting right away will considerably reduce this risk.
- Drinking too much alcohol: More than two drinks a day can increase your risk for stroke by about 50 percent.
- High cholesterol: Have your cholesterol checked with a blood test to see if the “bad cholesterol ” (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL cholesterol) level is high. A cholesterol less than 200 is ideal. If yours is more than 200, consult with your healthcare provider about reducing your cholesterol. In most cases, maintaining a healthy diet can control it. In other cases, people need to go on medication to help lower it.
- Diabetes: If you are a person with diabetes, follow your diet and your healthcare provider’s instructions to help maintain your health and reduce your stroke risk. Uncontrolled diabetes can impair circulation, putting you at risk for stroke and heart attack.
- Not exercising regularly: Everyone knows the benefits of regular exercise, although not eveyone has the resources, accessibility or commitment to such a program. Be aware that a brisk walk for as little as 30 minutes a day may be enough to reduce your stroke risk.
- Too much salt and fat in your diet: Cutting down on salt and fat can help lower blood pressure and the risk for stroke.
- Circulation problems: Sickle cell anemia, severe anemia, atherosclerosis and other circulation diseases can interrupt the flow of blood to the brain, which could lead to a stroke. Your healthcare provider can test to see if you have a circulation problem and offer ways to treat it.
- Overweight or obesity: If you are heavy, you’re putting an increased strain on your circulatory system, making you more at risk for high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes – all factors that can cause a stroke.
- Stroke history: If you previously had a stroke, you’re more at risk for having another one.
- Sleep disorders: Sleep apnea, a breathing disorder that occurs during sleep, causes blood pressure rates to increase – a risk for stroke or heart attack. An early diagnosis of this disorder can help reduce your risk of stroke.
Symptoms
According to the National Stroke Association, the five most common stroke symptoms include:
- numbness or weakness of face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body
- confusion, trouble speaking or understanding people speaking to you
- problems seeing in one or both eyes
- rouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination or
- evere headache with no known cause.
If you experience any of these, call 9-1-1 immediately.
Other symptoms to pay attention to:
- Sudden nausea, fever and vomiting
- Brief loss of consciousness, such as fainting, confusion, convulsions or coma
What to Do
If you think that you are having a stroke, don’t waste any time. Call 9-1-1 immediately
Sources:
- National Stroke Association: www.stroke.org
- American Stroke Association: www.strokeassociation.org
Compiled by Tom Kerr, editor of ADVANCE for LPNs in the Philadelphia Tri-State Area and the MD/VA/DC area; edited by Lorrie Klemons